10 Stamps in active use by Dunto Kamara of Bafodea Town, including four made for the raffia palm core: spider, star, clock or watch, cross, and one thin bamboo-tube stamp of a circle at one end and a half circle at the other. 11 Sums Mannio of Bafodea Town wearing a hu ronko and cutting a rising sun or All Peoples Congress (APC) design. Less common Bafodea motifs, sometimes unnamed, included a large S, a reverse S, a large W in a variety of positions, and a fence design {Fig. 16). A few artists placed black triangles at or near the edges of their shirts (Fig. 9). A man from Kabate village near Bafodea Town apprenticed with the blacksmith Sunduku, an early Bafodea Town hu ronko artist, acquiring the idea of decorating from him but not the skill. Later he learned to decorate on his own, doing so for three years. He continued to stamp while in the military for seven more years. 1 counted nine motifs on three of his decorated hu ronko; only the cross was similar to other Bafodea chiefdom motifs; some others suggested military insignias (Figs. 17-18). Opala obtained twenty-five motifs that he collected in Limba country, some from Bafodea {1978:21); about half of them similar to those that I noted. I also saw hu ronko motifs on Yalunka shirts {Figs. 4-5), though I did not analyze them, including a broken circle and inverted "Vs" stacked on top of one another. Hu ronko motifs may have been originally viewed as a substitute for protective leather amulets, commonly found on hunters' and warriors' gowns, as Michael D. Jackson suggests above. Or they may have been attempts of a largely nonliterate people to capture the magical protective powers attributed to Arabic writing.'^ Against that idea, it is possible that the development of decorated hu ronko in Guinea and northern Sierra Leone was a reaction to increasing Islamic influence. yanzic0527.
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